Essay about Causes of the French Revolution - 640 Words

The French Revolution was caused by many factors; some were significant and played a large role while others were of minor consequence. France was one of the richest and most powerful nations even though they were facing some economic difficulties. The French Revolution was a pivotal period in the history of French, European and Western civilization. During this period of time there was the formation of republicanism which replaced the absolute monarchy in France. Before the French Revolution Louis XVI was in power, but in due time his old regime of absolute monarchy was brought down. Some people were in favor of this revolution wanting equality and some were not. One person who was in favor of this desire for equality and change was†¦show more content†¦When prices got so high that peasants and other third estate citizens couldnt afford food there was an inevitable uprising. The peasantry became a class with the ambition to counteract social inequity and put a stop to escal ating food prices. This unrest caused a riot, known as the bread riot, which became a central cause to the French Revolution. Economics also played an important role in the French Revolution. In France there was an abundance of debt and taxation. The French monarchy managed their fiscal affairs by using an unequal system of taxation, borrowing money, or selling noble titles and other privileges. This led to a long running fiscal debt. France could not solely rely on tariffs to generate income. Although other countries had higher taxation rates, the burden on the common people was greater in France. Peasants and other third estates were taxed harshly which in good times was burdensome and in bad times it was devastating. Nobility and clergy were exempted from paying taxes. This left the peasants, wage earners, and the professional and business classes with the burden of taxes. This burden caused the unrest, which eventually led to the French Revolution. Many things caused the French Revolution. I believe that absolutism and privilege, famine, and economics were three of the most significant factors causing the French Revolution. These three elements led people to be unhappy with the current government and want to overthrow it.Show MoreRelatedCauses Of The French Revolution1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution of 1789 was one of the biggest upheavals in history. You may be wondering what exactly led this to happen, but there were multiple long range causes. Political, social, and economic conditions ultimately led to the discontent of many French people especially those of the third estate. The ideals of the Enlightenment brought new views to government and society. Before the revolution, the majority of France were living in poverty. Peasants were entirelyRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution906 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution began with a corrupt monarch, and ended with the death of thousands. In 1789 the bourgeoisie (middle class) and peasants revolted against King Louis XVI and nobility, citing various reasons as cause: including corruption and a poor economy. These people, making up 97% of the population, were known as the third estate. The original purpose of the revolution was to create a constitutional monarchy, but this idea quickly became lost in the radical ideas of the revolution. HoweverRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution991 Words   |  4 PagesFor six of the eight causes of revolution, describe two events, actions or beliefs (evidence) during the years before the French Revolution that led to a developing revolutionary situation. Explain how each contributed to the revolutionary situation. 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One such revolution took place in France where the government was changed several times, many different people obtained power, and traditional ideas were questioned. The French Revolution had many social, political, and economic factors that caused it, and it was very impactful on the people of France, and on the areas outside of it. There were many causes of the French Revolution; some were politicalRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe French Revolution was not caused by one single phenomenon, however it can be said that the events occurring in accordance with the French Revolution were not only terrifying but when looking through our eyes just clearly wrong. The most significant reasons for the French Revolution are the imbalance of equality, power, and rights these reasons are supported by the ideas of liberty and fraternity which developed from the enlightenment era philosophers. In conclusion to the French Revolution theRead MoreFrench Revolution Causes1139 Words   |  5 Pages The French Revolution was not an event that happened overnight but rather a series of events that occurred over several years leading up to the overthrow of the monarchy and the implementation of a new government. The Primary cause for the fall of the Ancien regime was its financial instability and inability to improve upon the lives of the French people. The 4 key flaws or events leading to the fall of the regime was; the structure of royal government, the taxation system, the structure of frenchRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution was arguably one of the most significant and controversial events in European history. It occurred during the years 1789-1799 when many French citizens became enraged with society and demanded political, financial and social change. 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And when around 98% of a population is suffering to make a living, there is little hope for those in power. Taxes levied only on the common folk, crippling wars that left France with huge debts, and the careless spending of the upper classes ultimately lead to the start of the revolution. The main political cause was that the King had too much power but weak foreign policy

Merchant of Venice - Feminist Perspective. - 1498 Words

The feminist critical perspective examines the roles that women play in literary works and their true significance to the text. Their roles are usually decided on by the society or time period in which the story is set. In The Merchant of Venice, females were suppressed by the societal ideals of Shakespeares Elizabethan era, which is portrayed through the characters of Portia and Jessica, who could not establish their own powerful identities because they were women. Portia and Jessica are the main female characters in the play. If they had been given a chance to show their skills, they undoubtedly wouldve been extremely strong women. However, they had to mask their abilities in order to appeal to their male counterparts. Their†¦show more content†¦The suitors lasciviously desired Portia for her beauty and wealth. If they could win her as a wife, their reputations and futures would be set. The first suitor to try his luck at the riddle of the caskets was the Prince of Morocco . He chose the gold casket which had an inscription that read: Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire (II.vii.5). This shows that Morocco was a greedy man who desired Portia for materialistic reasons, just like many other men who would desire the gold too. The second suitor to attempt the riddle was the Prince of Arragon, who chose the silver casket. Like Morrocco, Arragon was quite superficial. I will assume desert. Give me a key for this / And instantly unlock my fortunes here (II.ix.52). He saw Portia as merely a free ride to financial security. He didnt want her because he loved or cared for her. He only wanted her for her money and power. Women were a prize which men displayed and flaunted. A woman had no true value as a person. A recurring event in the play was the women disguising themselves as men. This is symbolic of the suppression of the women by their male counterparts. They had to mask their true abilities under the guise of men. There was no way in Elizabethan society for a woman to be successful in any field other than wifehood or motherhood. In Act II, Jessica was finally rebelling against the strict rules of Shylock. She was taking extreme measures in order to elope with Lorenzo.Show MoreRelated Father-Daughter Relationships in Sidney’s The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia, Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta, and Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice3187 Words   |  13 PagesFather-Daughter Relationships in Sidney’s The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia, Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta, and Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice Justification for the subjugation of females to males during the sixteenth century came from a variety of sources. 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Sustainable Marketing and Management †Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain on Sustainable Marketing and Management? Answer: Introducation This report is based on the Tassal Company that produce the Atlantic Salmon in Australia. The main focus of the company is to provide the fresh and healthy Salmon on the tables of the people of Australia. The strength of the company is the passion and dedication of the employees working at Tassal. Around 800 employees are working in this organization. A Tassal company is the leader for the production of the Atlantic Salmon in the Australia. The company listed on the ASX after the establishment of the Marine site in 1986. The company is into operational activities like- farming, hatching, processing and selling of the Salmon in Australia (Tassal Team, 2017). Throughout the years, the company has become one of the best renowned companies in the salmon production sector. As this company is the major manufacturer of Salmon in Australian region. The different types of products offered by the Salmon Company are as follows- Fresh Smoked Canned Frozen The Tassal Company is located at Melbourne. Talking about the competitors, then Huon Aquaculture and Petuna Seafoods are the companies doing the same business in Australia. A Tassal has performed all its activities in an excellent manner. The company also maintains its core values for the sustainable growth. Business Environment at Tassal A Tassal is very much concerned about the impacts of the environmental factors on the business. The sustainability strategy of the Tassal highly depends on the environmentally responsible practices. The aim of the company is to protect the environment and enhance the same for the new generation. The business environment of the Tassal Company removes the risks from the business by adopting risk mitigation strategies as well as by managing the adaptive management approaches (World Ocean Review, 2017). Impact of the Environmental factors (PEST Analysis) The environmental factors that affect the Tassal business are political, economic, Social and legal factors. Political factors cannot be ignored as they need full attention. The government sets rules or put some restrictions on the trade policies for the entry of the food items to the international markets. Talking about the current trends, the government is decreasing the jobs in the government sector to promote the private sector jobs. (Government, 2016). The political factors should be analyzed before introducing any product in the market to check the current situation of the country. Sometimes, the situation of the global market is highly affected by the policies of the government. It is very important to compare the policies of the two countries before introducing Tassals product in the international market. The compatibility is enhanced with the help of this comparison. The internal and the external factors are covered under the legal factors. The laws of the countries are different in nature depending upon the legal system of the country. To ignore the future misconceptions, it is important to learn about the laws of the country. The Socio-cultural issues are related to the many issues like trends, tastes and preferences of the consumers, population, shared values, demographics, etc. and all these may change with the passage of time. All these factors are essential for the brand value of the Tassal Company. It is observed that the Australian people are more conscious about the brand name and no matter about the type of product. The culture of the country also needs to be analyzed before launching the Tassal products in the market. (Services, 2014). Level of Competition The competition level of Tassal is not that much high, as there are only two main competitors in Australia. These competitors are Huan and Petuna Seafoods. The Tassal is performing well in the international business market as compared to these companies. The Tassal adopts marketing mix strategies to gain the competitive advantage. Planning at Tassal Mission: - The mission of the company is to deliver the quality product to the community, people and the business environment for the sustainable health and wellbeing of the customers. Vision: - The Tassal Companys tag line To create a better tomorrow depicts the vision of the company. Core values: - The value`s of the Tassal company represent the company commitments, attitudes, how it works and the product quality. There are 5 Ps assumed to be the core values of the Tassal. These are people, product, planet, process and profit. Goal setting practices The goal setting practices of the Tassal revolve around the two main goals of the company. The company has two goals set for the growth of the company. One is zero harm and second is to provide the food quality. The company committed to zero harm for everyone and committed to a safety agenda for the heath and well being of the employees, customers and investors. Types of planning There are 3 types of approaches towards planning and they are traditional, modern, and innovative. The best approach that is used by the company is an innovative approach towards planning. The company always adopts new strategies to produce the healthy and fresh salmon at Tassal. The Tassal also follow the innovative approach to promote the products in the international market. The company started the production of the Atlantic Salmon in 1984. The company followed the proper planning like the Tassal Company purchased an Atlantic Egg from Gaden Hatchery to start the farming industry for Atlantic Salmon (FRDC, 2014). After that the Sea farm was established in Dover. The company continues to operate through this sea farm. After its production, The Company started supply their products in the retail stores and supermarkets. The Tassal Company is also planning to deliver its products directly to hotels and restaurants. Sustainability practices The sustainability practices of the Tassal are helpful in taking the right decisions. The sustainability practices of the Tassal that company focused on are wildlife interactions, waste management, climate changes, community engagement, water quality management, etc. all these practices plays an important role in taking the right decisions for the implementation of the plans (Commonwealth of Australia , 2015). Human resource management It is very important to set the objectives in the mind before any human resource planning. The planning is said to be successful only when these goals and objectives are achieved. The process of selection of the employees in the Tassal is fair and as per the plan recreational activities will be arranged for the line managers make them happy (Ryan, 2016). Performance management The Tassal Company uses the one most important approach to manage the human resources in the organization. That approach is the performance management applied on the employees. Performance management means managing the work and performance of the employees. According to this approach, the employees working at Tassal are judged on the basis of their weekly, monthly performance in the organization. The company is offering the attractive rewards to the employees to motivate and encourage them (Fitzgerald, 2013). The monetary or non-monetary awards should be given to the employees to motivate them and to build a long term relation with the employees. It is very important to distribute the profits of the company among the workers for the successful working of the employees. The bonus is also distributed by many companies on the basis of the year, half year or quarterly depending upon the type of company. With the help of this approach the companies ensure about the working of the employee s at Tassal. The organizational goals of the Tassal can be achieved only when the employees working here are motivated and encouraged (Office, 2016). Every employee seeks for the performance appraisal if he or she performed very well in the company. The performance management of the Tassal involves into 3 parts planning, supporting and then reviewing. All the employees need motivation to perform well in the Tassal Company and they need some suggestions at this stage. The employee behavior should be correct to achieve the objectives and goals of the company. The performance review ends with the evaluation of the previous effects of the performances of the employees in caring the quality of the Atlantic Salmo (Battaglene, et al., 2008). Leadership Leadership is very important for the management analysis of the Tassal Company. The leadership strategy is effective that depends on the situation and style of the leadership. There are many styles of the leaderships, for example- Autocratic, transformational, etc. The styles of leadership followed by the organization are different in nature depending upon the working environment of the Tassal Company. Participative leadership style Autocratic and transformational styles are the most used styles, but the Tassal company use participative style of the leadership. This style is used by the leaders to influence the employees and motivate the employees to work hard to receive the rewards from the company. This is not specific that every company follows the same style (McCallum, 2015). The Tassal company determined its requirements and the employees then the company apply these styles in the organization .There are many companies using more than one style and some companies using only one leadership style. Some of them companies are those that do the experiments by changing the styles every year. The leadership style can be changed on the basis of the changing needs of the employees and the organization. Need of the Leadership strategy The need of leadership strategy arises to solve the problems. The main issue found in the Tassal is the division of work, delegation of duties and supervise them. Moreover, the other reason is that the human resource in Tassal has different needs, interests and ideas. To fit all these employees into the Tassal, company needs leadership strategy. It is very difficult to analyze that which company is used which style of leadership in the Australian market. But the above leadership styles are really helpful to resolve the problems of the companies. The leaders are the people who motivate the employees and make them realize about their potential and ability. The Tassal Company adopted participative style and the company offers many incentives for the top performer in the company. The incentives given to the employees will automatically improve the process of the retention of the employees. Controlling Value chain and Technology The management of the value chain and use of technology in the supply chain management are the important part of the management analysis. The quantity that is produced by the Tassal is around 60,000 ton only in Australia. The new technologies are used to manage the inventory of the Tassal. The Tassal Company spends huge amount of money on the production of the salmon as well as the distribution networks and the infrastructure (Fitzgerald, 2013). Supply chain management Supply Chain Management is important for the successful growth of the business of the Tassal. The management of the supply chain helps to check the quantity of Salmon that is delivered to the retail stores. Moving further, the Tassal should check the retail stores in Australia also. The requirements of the stores need to be fulfilled. The service of delivering the goods to the retail stores should be fast and quick. The quick service of the goods depends upon the location of the production houses. The Tassal production houses are mostly located at the marine site and far away from the supermarkets or public places. Because of this reason, the fast services of shipment of the Stock is not easy for Tassal. The workers are the one who took the responsibilities to manage the stock. The needs of the people are changing with time and it is important to analyze the demand and stock of the Atlantic Salmon (Nic, 2012). Technology used in SCM There are many technologies that are used by Tassal to check and control the supply chain. Bar code is the technology that helps to check the availability of the inventory. The barcodes are in the form of standing lines with numbers printed on the packets of the products. At the time of billing of the products, these barcodes are scanned by the scanners which in return helps to analyze the information related to the product. Apart of this, there is also one technology used to check and track the orders. The company is also able to track the orders and the status of the delivery orders. The technology is Flashview used to manage the inventory , tracking of the data and important information. Recommendations It has been that the Tassal follows many strategies to analyze the management in the company. These are the planning, HR planning, Leadership and the supply chain management at Tassal. There are some of the recommendations given to improve the many strategies as well as to achieve the mission of the Tassal: The Tassal Company should make some changes or improvement in the risk mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of any loss to the company that is related to the management of the Tassal. The Tassal should conduct the adequate research to know the actual demand of the Salmon in the Australia food industry. This will helps to increase the consumption of the Salmon (Araya Krishnan, 2014). The leadership strategies used by the Tassal should be focused more to look after the performance of the employees. The tastes and the preferences of the consumers and the demand of the Atlantic Salmon is changing and can be identified by the surveys and interviews at restaurants, hotels and the supermarket retail stores and then the company should plan accordingly to meet these changing demands. To maintain the business environment, the company should implement best practice infrastructure and fish health capacity, focusing on impact mitigation and stakeholder engagement, Conclusion The report explained all the management analysis of the Tassal Company. The Tassal is the biggest producer of the seafood as well as the Atlantic Salmon. There are many environmental factors that affect the business practices of the Tassal. These factors are political, economical, social and legal. The purpose of this report is to analyze the management strategies adopted by the Tassal to achieve the objectives and goals of the company. The main goals of the Tassal Company are good quality of food as well as to set the safety agenda for zero harm to the employees, investors and people of Australia. The demand of the Seafood and Salmon is very high in the Australia and this is the beneficial for the growth of the company. The company should focus more on the management activities of the company to provide the quick services as well as the good quality of food to its final customers. The Tassal should improve its strategies and should use more innovative ideas to meet the changing need s and expectations of the company. Overall, the performance of the company is good in comparison to its competitors References Araya, T. Krishnan, M., 2014. SWOT analysis and recommended policies and strategies of Eritrean fisheries, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274717323_SWOT_ANALYSIS_AND_RECOMMENDED_POLICIES_AND_STRATEGIES_OF_ERITREAN_FISHERIES Battaglene, S., Carter, C. Hobday, A., 2008. Scoping Study into Adaptation of the Tasmanian Salmonid Aquaculture Industry to Potential Impacts of Climate Change, Available at: https://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/743304/Salmonid_Climate_Change_Final_Report_Distribution.pdf Commonwealth of Australia , 2015. Australias seafood trade, Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/fisheries/aus-seafood-trade.pdf Fitzgerald, M., 2013. Successful strategies for sustainable salmon, Available at: https://www.foodanddrinkbusiness.com.au/news/successful-strategies-for-sustainable-salmon FRDC, 2014. How does the size of the Australian seafood industry compare to others around the world?, Available at: https://www.frdc.com.au/knowledge/q_and_as/Pages/size-of-Australian-seafood-industry-compare.aspx Government, A., 2016. Aquaculture industry in Australia, Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/fisheries/aquaculture/aquaculture-industry-in-australia McCallum, A., 2015. Tassal sustainabilioty report 2015, Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160520/pdf/437d3rpd11wf2t.pdf Nic, A., 2012. SWOT Analysis: Fisherie, Available at: https://andssw1.and.nic.in/rti/Fisheries/17%20_b_%20SWOT%20Analysis.pdf Office, T. C. C., 2016. Adapting to a changing climate Case Study, Available at: https://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/216322/Tassal_-_Adaptation_Case_Study.pdf Ryan, M., 2016. Tassal MD CEO on FY2016 results and growth outlook, s.l.: s.n. Services, S. G., 2014. Report for Tassal Operations Pty Ltd:, Available at: https://www.asc-aqua.org/upload/3_20141107_Tassal%20Operations_Huon%20Region%20%28Tin%20Pot%20Point%20Farm%20%20Patridge%20Island%20Farm%29_FINAL.pdf Tassal Team, 2017. Tassal official website. [Online] Available at: https://www.tassal.com.au/about-us/ World Ocean Review, 2017. Toward more sustainable fisheries. [Online] Available at: https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/fisheries/sustainable-fishing-industry/

Major Essays - The Salvation Army, Major Barbara,

Major Barbara By George Bernard Title: Major Barbara Author: George Bernard Shaw Setting: The play extends over three days in January 1906. The beginning starts in the library of Lady Britomart, the estranged wife of Andrew Undershaft. It then continues with a visit to the West Ham Shelter of the Salvation Army. The play finally concludes at the Undershaft Empire, the munitions' factory. Plot: Lady Britomart invites her estranged husband, Andrew Undershaft, over to reacquaint him with his children, Stephen, Sarah, and Barbara. Lady Britomart is in need of more money to support their daughters and their intended's, Charles Lomax and Adolphus Cusins. Barbara tries to convert her father and save his soul. While Andrew will convert his daughter, Barbara to his side. Cast of Key Characters Major Barbara Undershaft "Conformist" [Barbara to Lady Britomart 65] Lady Britomart has just informed the girls, Sarah and Barbara, that their father, Andrew Undershaft, will be arriving at any time. She has already informed Stephen Undershaft. Since it has been a long time ago, when they were babies, that Andrew has seen the children she wishes for them to be on their best behavior. Lady Brit wants to ask Andrew for money for the girls and their intended's, Charles Lomax and Adolphus Cusins; therefore, she has asked them to be there also. To accommodate her mother she attempts to conform to a ladylike appearance. Quote: "All right, mother. We'll do you credit. [She comes off the table, and sits in her chair with ladylike elegance]." "Director" [Barbara to Shirley 83] Bill Walker has just assaulted two women, Rummy and Jenny Hill, at the West Ham Shelter. He is looking for his woman. Barbara comes out to take the names of the people who have arrived and to save their souls. She takes control of the situation in a professional way. She directs Shirley to sit down and for the gentlemen there to give her their names, addresses, and trades. Barbara is trying to put order back to the disorder that had just occurred. Quote: "Sit down: make yourself at home. [He hesitates; but she puts a friendly hand on his shoulder and makes him obey]. Now then! Since you've made friends with us, we want to know all about you. Names and addresses and trades." "Conniver" [Barbara to Bill Walker 84] Shirley has given Barbara his name and trade. She then turns to Bill to give his name. Bill refuses to give his name to her. She then tries to coax it out of him, by making a note in her book and calling him chicken basically. Quote: "[calmly making a note] Afraid to give his name. Any trade? "Caregiver" [Barbara to Jenny 87] Barbara has been talking with Bill about what he had done earlier to the women and trying to get him to see the light. Bill tells her he is looking for his woman, Mog. Barbara tells him where she is but it won't do him any good to go to get here back she has found another man. She will more then likely convert him, because that is how she won her new bow. She decides to let him think about this for awhile and turns her attentions to Jenny. With sincere concern she asks if Jenny is all right and comforts her with a gentle touch. Quote: "Poor little Jenny! Are you tired? Does it hurt?" "Oppressor" [Barbara to Bill 89] Barbara has been talking with her father about how he and Shirley are both Secularists. Andrew says his religion is that of a millionaire. She says she is wrong they don't have anything in common then. Barbara dismisses Shirley and turns to her father. He asks about Bill. She says they will convert him in time. She seems to read Bill's mind when she says she is sure her would like to smash Mog's head in. He is amazed that she knew what he was thinking. She tries to scare him by saying that his new companion is the devil. And when the devil comes round he depresses people like him. Quote: "The devil, Bill. When he gets round people they get miserable, just like you." "Fanatic" [Barbara to Bill 90] Barbara is hell bent on saving Bill's soul she keeps talking to him about the terrible thing he has done, hitting a good soul like Jenny Hill. She has become relentless. Telling him to hold out against the conversion and that he hasn't a heart. She is playing on his guilt to make him

Free Essays on Candide

In the beginning of Voltaire’s Candide, Candide is expelled from the Baron's castle for kissing Cunà ©gonde. After forced enlistment in the Bulgarian army Candide fled to Holland where he met Jacques the Anabaptist, and found the philosopher, Dr. Pangloss. Pangloss told Candide that the Bulgarians raped and disemboweled Cunà ©gonde. Following the news, Candide, Jacques, and Pangloss sailed to Lisbon. A storm destroyed the ship leaving Jacques to drown, and Candide and Pangloss survived only to watch as an earthquake and tidal wave level Lisbon. Pangloss insisted that despite the total ruin of Lisbon, the world is still the best of all possible worlds. For making such a heretical statement, Pangloss is hung while Candide is beaten during a ceremony of the Spanish Inquisition. Later, an old woman reunited Candide with Cunà ©gonde, who survived the Bulgarian invasion. Cunà ©gonde was then the mistress of both Don Issachar and the Grand Inquisitor of Lisbon. Candide ended up killing them both because of their jealous rage. Then Candide, Cunà ©gonde, and the old woman fled to Cadiz and Candide volunteered to fight against the Jesuits in Paraguay. After the fights the three sailed to Buenos Aires and upon arrival the old woman spotted a ship from Spain in hot pursuit, so once again Candide had to flee. Candide and his valet Cacambo then joined the Jesuits. The Commandant of the Jesuits was actually Cunà ©gonde's brother, the Baron's son. The reunion turned sour when the Baron's son forbade Candide to marry Cunà ©gonde. The commandant attacked Candide and unfortunately was stabbed in the process. Candide and Cacambo escaped only to be captured by the Oreillons, a tribe of natives, but luckily, the diplomatic Cacambo convinced the natives to release them. Next, Candide and Cacambo happen upon the Utopian kingdom of Eldorado. After a short stay, Candide and Cacambo left, with 102 red sheep covered in jewels, to find Cunà ©gonde. They arrived ... Free Essays on Candide Free Essays on Candide Voltaire's Candide is a novel which contains conceptual ideas and at the same time is also exaggerated. Voltaire offers sad themes disguised by jokes and witticism, and the story itself presents a distinctive outlook on life. The crucial contrast in the story deals with irrational ideas as taught to Candide about being optimistic, versus reality as viewed by the rest of the world. The main theme which is presented throughout the novel is optimism. Out of every unfortunate situation in the story, Candide, the main character, has been advised by his philosopher-teacher that everything in the world happens for the better, because "Private misfortunes contribute to the general good, so that the more private misfortunes there are, the more we find that all is well" (Voltaire, p. 31). Pangloss, the philosopher, tries to defend his theories by determining the positive from the negative situations and by showing that misfortunes bring some privileges. As Candide grows up, whenever something unfortunate happens, Pangloss would turn the situation around, bringing out the good in it. Candide learns that optimism is "The passion for maintaining that all is right when all goes wrong " (Voltaire, p.86). According to Rene Pomeau, "Voltaire-Candide...have made him [Candide] acquainted with the bad and the good side of human existence. The moral of Candide is born out of its style; it is the art of extracting happiness from the desolate hopping-about of the human insect" (Adams; Pomeau p.137). Pomeau explains that Candide shows both sides of humanity; how both great and terrible events are standard in a human life. Also according to Pomeau, the whole point of the story is to debate between good and bad; for example, as Candide becomes more independent, he starts to doubt that only good comes out of life. Pangloss is a very hopeful character in the story because he refuses to accept bad. He is also somewhat naive and believes that he could make... Free Essays on Candide In the book â€Å"Candide† by Voltaire we are introduced to the main character Candide who was born and raised in a castle in Westphalia. Candide has been brought up under the teachings of the great philosopher Pangloss who is basically a philosopher of everything. Pangloss’ main philosophical view is that â€Å"everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds.† Pangloss demonstrates this by using an example of the reason we have a nose is for glasses to be placed upon it. However Candide gets kicked out of the castle that he grew up in and as he continues to believe in Pangloss’ theory it is starting to be contradicted greatly with the events that have been occurring in Candide’s life. From the very first chapter in the book we are presented with events that Candide’s faith in Pangloss’ theory. He faces a wide variety of tragedies one after another including rapes, robberies, unjust executions, disease, earthquake, and betrayal. Yet as I read through all these terrible events I felt that it was almost necessary for Candide to keep faith in Pangloss’ theory because it is the only explanation that he has so far as to why these horrible things are happening to him and others around him. In life when we lack reasoning for the tragic events that occur we are often left very angry and confused. It is good for Candide’s spirit to hold on to this theory that Pangloss has given him no matter how unreasonable it is. On the other hand Pangloss struggles to find justification for the unimaginable things in the world and his arguments are simply absurd. For example, he says that syphilis is necessary and is needed to be transmitted from the Americans to Europe so that Europeans could enjoy new world delicacies such as chocolate. How bizarre is that explanation? So no matter how good of an idea Pangloss thought he might have had with his theory that â€Å"everything is for the best in this best of ... Free Essays on Candide In the beginning of Voltaire’s Candide, Candide is expelled from the Baron's castle for kissing Cunà ©gonde. After forced enlistment in the Bulgarian army Candide fled to Holland where he met Jacques the Anabaptist, and found the philosopher, Dr. Pangloss. Pangloss told Candide that the Bulgarians raped and disemboweled Cunà ©gonde. Following the news, Candide, Jacques, and Pangloss sailed to Lisbon. A storm destroyed the ship leaving Jacques to drown, and Candide and Pangloss survived only to watch as an earthquake and tidal wave level Lisbon. Pangloss insisted that despite the total ruin of Lisbon, the world is still the best of all possible worlds. For making such a heretical statement, Pangloss is hung while Candide is beaten during a ceremony of the Spanish Inquisition. Later, an old woman reunited Candide with Cunà ©gonde, who survived the Bulgarian invasion. Cunà ©gonde was then the mistress of both Don Issachar and the Grand Inquisitor of Lisbon. Candide ended up killing them both because of their jealous rage. Then Candide, Cunà ©gonde, and the old woman fled to Cadiz and Candide volunteered to fight against the Jesuits in Paraguay. After the fights the three sailed to Buenos Aires and upon arrival the old woman spotted a ship from Spain in hot pursuit, so once again Candide had to flee. Candide and his valet Cacambo then joined the Jesuits. The Commandant of the Jesuits was actually Cunà ©gonde's brother, the Baron's son. The reunion turned sour when the Baron's son forbade Candide to marry Cunà ©gonde. The commandant attacked Candide and unfortunately was stabbed in the process. Candide and Cacambo escaped only to be captured by the Oreillons, a tribe of natives, but luckily, the diplomatic Cacambo convinced the natives to release them. Next, Candide and Cacambo happen upon the Utopian kingdom of Eldorado. After a short stay, Candide and Cacambo left, with 102 red sheep covered in jewels, to find Cunà ©gonde. They arrived ...

Deep Earthquakes - Why They Happen

Deep Earthquakes - Why They Happen Deep earthquakes were discovered in the 1920s, but they remain a subject of contention today. The reason is simple: they arent supposed to happen. Yet they account for more than 20 percent of all earthquakes. Shallow earthquakes require solid rocks to occur, more specifically, cold, brittle rocks. Only these can store up elastic strain along a geologic fault, held in check by friction until the strain lets loose in a violent rupture. The Earth gets hotter by about 1 degree C with every 100 meters of depth on average. Combine that with high pressure underground and its clear that by about 50 kilometers down, on average the rocks should be too hot and squeezed too tight to crack and grind the way they do at the surface. Thus deep-focus quakes, those below 70 km, demand an explanation. Slabs and Deep Earthquakes Subduction gives us a way around this. As the lithospheric plates making up Earths outer shell interact, some are plunged downward into the underlying mantle. As they exit the plate-tectonic game they get a new name: slabs. At first, the slabs, rubbing against the overlying plate and bending under the stress, produce shallow-type subduction earthquakes. These are well explained. But as a slab goes deeper than 70 km, the shocks continue. Several factors are thought to help: The mantle is not homogeneous but rather is full of variety. Some parts remain brittle or cold for very long times. The cold slab can find something solid to push against, producing shallow-type quakes, quite a bit deeper than the averages suggest. Moreover, the bent slab may also unbend, repeating the deformation it felt earlier but in the opposite sense.Minerals in the slab begin to change under pressure. Metamorphosed basalt and gabbro in the slab changes to the blueschist mineral suite, which in turn changes into garnet-rich eclogite around 50 km depth. Water is released at each step in the process while the rocks become more compact and grow more brittle. This dehydration embrittlement strongly affects the stresses underground.Under growing pressure, serpentine minerals in the slab decompose into the minerals olivine and enstatite plus water. This is the reverse of the serpentine formation that happened when the plate was young. It is thought to be complete around 160 km depth.W ater can trigger localized melting in the slab. Melted rocks, like nearly all liquids, take up more space than solids, thus melting can break fractures even at great depths. Over a wide depth range averaging 410 km, olivine begins to change to a different crystal form identical to that of the mineral spinel. This is what mineralogists call a phase change rather than a chemical change; only the volume of the mineral is affected. Olivine-spinel changes again to a perovskite form at around 650 km. (These two depths mark the mantles transition zone.)Other notable phase changes include enstatite-to-ilmenite and garnet-to-perovskite at depths below 500 km. Thus there are plenty of candidates for the energy behind deep earthquakes at all depths between 70 and 700 km, perhaps too many. The roles of temperature and water are important at all depths as well, though not precisely known. As scientists say, the problem is still poorly constrained. Deep Earthquake Details There are a few more significant clues about deep-focus events. One is that the ruptures proceed very slowly, less than half the speed of shallow ruptures, and they seem to consist of patches or closely spaced subevents. Another is that they have few aftershocks, only one-tenth as many as shallow quakes do. They relieve more stress; that is, the stress drop is generally much larger for deep than shallow events. Until recently the consensus candidate for the energy of very deep quakes was the phase change from olivine to olivine-spinel, or transformational faulting. The idea was that little lenses of olivine-spinel would form, gradually expand and eventually connect in a sheet. Olivine-spinel is softer than olivine, therefore the stress would find an avenue of sudden release along those sheets. Layers of melted rock might form to lubricate the action, similar to superfaults in the lithosphere, the shock might trigger more transformational faulting, and the quake would slowly grow. Then the great Bolivia deep earthquake of 9 June 1994 occurred, a magnitude 8.3 event at a depth of 636 km. Many workers thought that to be too much energy for the transformational faulting model to account for. Other tests have failed to confirm the model. Not all agree. Since then, deep-earthquake specialists have been trying new ideas, refining old ones, and having a ball.

King Haigler Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

King Haigler - Research Paper Example He is in fact honored and celebrated as one of the greatest among Catawba leaders for his role in this community. His role as a leader shaped up American history and remains relevant to understanding the human experience in the wake of the 21st century. King Haigler firstly shaped the history of Catawba when he facilitated and helped to negotiate a peace treaty with six nations. The Six Nations would comprise of the Iroquois in New York and Canada (Hawkins). The region had been hit by a war that had escalated after the defeat of the Tuscarora and their departure to New York. King Haigler was keen to delegate some elders who would accompany him to a conference in Albany New York on 30 June 1751 (Blumer 33-35). This initiative was well timed and relevant at a time when people were losing their lives and property. He did not sit back but led from the front. He mobilized some members of the community who bought his idea. King Haigler effort was rewarded though came at a price as he and his crews were humiliated as the Mohawk forced them to dance with their feathers pointing down during the conference. The entire effort saw both Haigler and King Hendrick of the Mohawk share apiece pipe and the Six Nations handed Haigler a wampum belt that marked the beginning of peace (Blumer 34). This event reveals King Haigler’s commitment to step up for his community when he was needed most. He would dare to go to such battled grounds to stop wars and save lives. This underscores his relevance in the history and future of America. King Haigler was not a fun of what Blumer would term as evils of alcohol (Blumer 35). With the wake of civilization, the West had engaged in new customs that would feature use of hard drinks that Haigler believed had no value to the community. His efforts are still relevant today as alcoholism has had many go down the drain through addiction rendering them

REFLECTION Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

REFLECTION - Term Paper Example This integrative experience has helped me to develop my knowledge in health care provision and in building my long term and short term professional goals. This essay seeks to provide a reflective approach to the academic experience in Liberty University as one of the recommended superior ways of conducting a re-evaluation of learning experiences. My experience in undergraduate program has had a significant transformational effect on my attitude towards health care provision as part of the community service. One key aspect of nursing that has come out clearly in the learning experience is the sensitivity of nursing practice especially in its application in community service. Human life is delicate and having to handle a patient it is vocational to exercise extreme caution to avoid severe consequences that are associated with carelessness while handling patients. Wise to note also is the high level of professionalism expected with every nursing practitioner in handling matters regardin g patients (Rigolosi, 2005). As one of the most regulated professions in the United States, ethical standards must be adhered to strictly and comprehension of the various policies governing this field has prepared me to enter the nursing field with more expertise. In addition, I have gained a lot academic knowledge as pertains patient treatment and handling of medicine. In fact, the undergraduate program has formed a foundation for advancement in this field and has helped me to set up my career development path in future as part of perfection nursing. In the course of learning, I have found a number of courses crucial in modeling my professional knowledge and skills. One of the courses that has had a great impact on my understanding of the nursing profession is the Nursing leadership course. In this class, I have learned what is expected of me as a novice in the nursing field and how to avoid common mistakes that new entrant in the nursing field often make. A unique content of this course is the nursing sensitive quality indicators that are used in evaluation of the key elements of patient care that reflects the structure, process and outcomes of professional nursing care. In the three processes, I have learnt the level of skills expected from nursing staff, methods of patient assessment and the expected patient outcomes as measures of quality of nursing care. As Rigolosi (2005) points out, nursing practice is a vocational service that demands the application of Christian principles while providing honest and care-driven services to the community. Through this course, I feel that the university has prepared me with the necessary servant attitude while commissioning my duties as a young nursing professional. Another course that has become an eye opener in my learning process is nursing management. One of the key dimensions of nursing practice that were emphasized in this course is the existence of health facility as a business entity. Just like in any other bus iness, resources in the medical sector are scarce and their effective utilization determines the achievable quality of health that can accessed by the community (Rigolosi, 2005). I found the part of human resource management as critical especially in nursing staffing and hiring of medical professionals. However, I found this

The Benefits of Healthy Eating Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Healthy Eating Essay Food is the key to life. We need food for the basics of everyday life to pump blood, move our body, and think thoughts. We can eat to live well, live longer, and extend the quality of life. Eating is one of life’s greatest pleasures. It is also a powerful way to enhance or impair your health. Most of us are aware that food choices are important to health; very few people truly realize that foods can promote health. Western medicine is so focused on treating disease that prevention is often ignored. Part of disease prevention is making sure you are eating foods that are healthy and nutrient dense. To function to the best of our body’s ability it requires balance and harmony. The best place to start is with healthy eating. The benefits of healthy eating are exceptional and there are many far- reaching health advantages and gains that cannot be overlooked. Healthy eating practices are important in shaping lifelong behaviors, as well as affecting ones’ health and wellness. Harvard School of Public Health challenges us all to follow a healthy foods diet to see how it can make a positive impact on your health. Vegetables and fruits are clearly an important part of a good diet. Most everyone can benefit from eating ore of them, but variety is as important as quantity. No single fruit or vegetable provides all the nutrients you need to be healthy. The key lies in the variety of different vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins that you eat daily(Vegetables And Fruits: Get Plenty Everyday,  ). Everyone from a small child to a mature adult requires a healthy eating habit to be physically in peak form. The food you eat can influence how you feel and how you look they can affect your health. The health benefits associated with healthy eating include maintain a healthy body weight, lower blood pressure, ower cholesterol, healthy blood sugar levels, and a decreased risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. These health benefits will also allow you to have more energy, think more clearly, and have an improved quality of life. Your body runs on fuel in the form of food, and if the fuel you put in your body is not high grade, you should not expect your body to give you peak performance. To keep your body running to the best of its ability, it is up to you to feed it healthy foods (Covelli, 2011). As noted in the book Eating Well For Optimum Health Weil, 2000, p5), â€Å" healthy eating is the cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle. † Hippocrates advised people to â€Å"let food be your medicine and medicine be your food. † Healthy eating is not just about extendin g life but about extending the quality of life. It is probably the easiest and most important way in which you can keep active and shield yourself from the many diseases that have become more common, as we grow older. By eating healthy you will boost your energy levels, improve your bodily functions, help to improve your immune system, get better sleep, and even have more radiant skin. Who does not want to feel more energetic and lively? You will be able to manage more tasks and more importantly, you will live life to the fullest. I do not know about you but having radiant skin sounds wonderful, instead of having gross cellulite. What you put on your plate, day after day, will play a major role, along with your genes, in determining whether you will live a long healthy life or succumb to a heart attack, a stroke, type 2 diabetes, or cancer. If you look closely at all diseases, one thing pops out at you; they are all reversible. In addition to supplying the basic needs of the body for calories and utrition, a healthy diet should also reduce risks of disease and fortify the body’s defenses and intrinsic mechanisms of healing. Even small changes in your eating habits can make a big difference in your body and the way you feel. A healthy diet leads to a better performance of the body and mind. What you put into your body not only affects your physical well being, but also can impact your psychological well-being. Foods influence mood and contribute to both positive and negative feelings. Therefore, making healthy good choices can contribute to a variety of improvements to your mental and sychological well-being. Eating a healthy, well balanced diet has been shown to impact a number of mental health conditions positively. It can help reduce the negative symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reduce depression symptoms, reduce anxiety, and reduce chances of bi polar episodes. The typical â€Å"Western† diet that is high in sugar, processed foods, and alcohol tends to aggravate these disorders. According to Andrew Weil, MD (2012), many studies link specific nutrient deficiencies to suboptimal brain function and mental / emotional health. The most important by far is the lack of omega-3 fatty cids. These special fats are critically important for mental health. The body needs regular daily intake of adequate amounts of both EPA and DHA, two long chain omega-3 fats. Low levels of DHA might increase the chances of developing dementia. The lack of vital nutrients in our diet can be responsible for exacerbating the symptoms of some pre existing mental health conditions. Keeping your brain sharp and functioning at its best can make you feel better about your abilities as you age and will help you remain active, which can also help reduce your chances of experiencing depression. Following a healthy ating regime leads to engaging in a lifestyle that is fulfi lling, beneficial, and might possibly offset the desire to change any other harmful habits. Our bodies and our minds are connected. Stress can take a toll on our physical health. By understanding that unhealthy eating causes more stress on our bodies and how that impacts our health, we can begin to take steps to laying the foundation for complete health by changing our eating from unhealthy to healthy. It is important to know how eating healthy and unhealthy foods affects your body. The brain is one of the most important organs in the body to keep well ed, and a healthful diet is essential to keep it running at full capacity. Your brain cells require twice as much chemical energy from your diet as any other cell in your body. When you are eating unhealthy it hinders brain function and causes reduced self-esteem, stress, foggy thinking, mood swings, and confusion. If you are not eating nutrient rich foods most of the time, your brain cannot produce substances required to maintain a healthy mood. The foods you eat can have an immediate impact on your mood. Certain foods trigger neurotransmitters in the brain that can reduce stress and promote calmness. Eating foods high in vitamin D, serotonin, folate, B3, and B12 are excellent for your emotional well being. When you are feeling emotionally well you are also able to handle stress in a positive manner. Choosing foods healthy and nutritious can give you a sense of control and allow you to feel proud of yourself. These increases in positive feelings for yourself and improvements in your appearance can result in your overall self esteem. The foods you eat now can result in good or bad health in the future. As Dr. Gillian McKeith (2006), has said many times in her book and on her television show â€Å"You Are What You Eat†. Healthy eating simply means having foods that aid in the growth of the body, improve many functions, provide protection from diseases, and help in building a strong immune system. To eat healthy is much easier than you think. Taking small simple steps that together add up to a huge leap forward in your health. Diet has a special significance among lifestyle factors in that people have total control over it. Being able to function better is something that everyone wants to see happen in their bodies. You are only as healthy as the natural world in which you live. The gains from ealthy eating are tremendous and more than worth it. So go ahead follow a diet full of healthy foods and see how it can make a positive impact on your health and life. References Covelli, G. (2011). How Eating Healthy amp; Unhealthy Foods Affect Your Body. Retrieved from http://www. livestrong. com/article/41294-eating-unhealthy-foods-affects/ McKeith, Dr. G. (2006). You Are What You Eat Vegetables and Fruits: Get Plenty Everyday. (). Retrieved from http://www. hsph. harvard. edu/nutritionsource/vegetables-full-story/#bottom_line Weil, MD, A. (2000). Eating Well For Optimum Health Weil, MD, A. (2012). Spontaneous Happiness

Hester, Reverend Dimmesdale, and Pearl of Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet

Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl of The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a Romantic novel set in Colonial Boston. The main character, Hester, wears a scarlet letter "A" as a symbol of adultery, but she refuses to identify the partner in her crime. Hawthorne uses many symbols in his novel to discuss the effects of this refusal. Three symbols in the novel are Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl. One symbol in the novel is Hester. A symbol is a person or thing that indirectly represents an object or idea. Hester symbolizes strength. By remaining in Boston, she accepts her punishment. This shows great strength because she could have easily left Boston in search of a new life, one in which no one knew her. Instead, Hester continues her life in Boston, serving as a mid-wife and sewing for the same people who had condemned her. This shows strength by her acceptance of her fate and her willingness to persevere in this community - the place of her sin. Hester faces torment and social isolation daily. She must live alone and have no adult communication. The townspeople are afraid to talk to her and refuse to include her. This solitary confinement is tormenting because all human beings need interaction with other human beings. Yet, because of her inner strength, she accepts it and goes on with her life. A second example of her strength is her refusal to reveal the identity of Pearl's father; she chooses to endure her punishment alone. This shows her strength because she must bear the burden for two people. Having to be punished and watching some... ...e is the only major character in the novel that does not know what the A really means. She also provides reactions to situations in a straightforward manner without the bias present when dealing with adults. Many adults judge Hester according to past deeds or other things that have been force-fed to them for their entire lives. Pearl, on the other hand, reacts plainly and honestly. Pearl is perhaps the most interesting of all the characters in the novel. Pearl is another symbol in the novel. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl are three symbols in the novel. Hester is a symbol of strength, Dimmesdale is a symbol of weakness, and Pearl is more or less the personification of the A itself. Each symbol helps the reader better the author's basic message - the denunciation of hypocrisy.

Further Topics In Primary Mathematics Education Education Essay

Childs can be assessed on five facets of a subject, viz. : constructs ( 1 ) , processs ( 2 ) , processes ( problem-solving ( 3 ) , connexions ( 4 ) and communication/representation ( 5 ) ) , ( Glanfield, Bush & A ; Stenmark, 2003 ) . With mention to the Topic ‘Length ‘ as it is presented in Abacus Level 3 ( SDM p.3 – 8 ) , remark about the expected appraisal undertakings presented in the Assessment Book Level 3 ( p.60-61 ) in the visible radiation of the afore-mentioned five facets.ConceptsDefinition:â€Å" Measurement involves a comparing of an property of an point or state of affairs with a unit that has the same property. † ( Van de Walle, J.A. ) Therefore, constructs are of import for the kids to assist them separate the mensurable properties of the objects.Review of the Assessment BookConcepts in the subject ‘Measurement ‘ trades with the thought of length, size and units. The kids in a twelvemonth 4 category should be able to utilize vocabu lary related to length such as: long, longer, short, shortest, tall, narrow, broad etc. They should besides hold an thought what appraisal, measuring and comparing lengths are all about by utilizing the standard units ( centimeter, m and kilometer ) . Besides, the kids should be introduced and asked to propose suited units and equipment for any peculiar measuring. The Assessment book ‘s chief constructs do fit with the course of study ‘ , but the Assessment book have missed to advert the kids ‘s acknowledgment that the longer lengths necessitate a larger unit, that is kilometer, and that the shortest lengths, require a smaller unit, that is the centimetre. Besides, the ability to step and record lengths utilizing formal units and denary units to the nearest half ex: 50cm = 3.5m. The Assessment book within its restriction of exercisings does address most of the listed constructs. Basically all the working exercisings and custodies on activities in the Assessment Boo k are a good agencies of measuring the kid ‘s impression of the measuring ‘s chief constructs. The unwritten inquiries assess the cardinal vocabulary merely like in all other activities, and assess the kids ‘s impression of ‘estimation ‘ . Exercise 1 is a good agencies of measuring whether the kid grasped the thought of comparing different lengths every bit good as usage the suited units and equipment to mensurate a peculiar object. Exercise 2 buttocks if the kids have truly savvied the relationship between different standard units, that is, from kilometer and m and m and centimeter, merely like the ‘Write the fiting measuring ‘ exercising. As the rubric ‘Match the appropriate measuring to each object provinces, here the kids are assessed on placing the suited units to fit it with the objects taken from existent life, and acknowledging that longer lengths require a larger unit ( kilometer ) and smaller lengths require a smaller unit ( centimeter ) The last exercising on the Assessment book, once more, assesses the kid ‘s ability to compare le lengths. Although the activities in the Assessment Book somehow covers the afore-mentioned mathematical constructs in measuring, there needs to be more exercisings which assess harder undertakings, constructs which kids are likely to hold on and understand by making one exercising. Concepts such as the relationship and transition of different units from kilometer to m, m to cm, and frailty versa.Review of the Text BookComing to analyse the text edition, we think that most mathematical basic constructs are all addressed. Get downing off from the text edition ‘s bold headers ‘Centimetres ‘ ( centimeter ) and ‘Metres ‘ ( m ) are thought to be a good agency of a uninterrupted unit abbreviation reminder all through the exercisings. The exercisings ‘ rubrics are really child friendly and assessment friendly. One can observe that when the kid is asked to make more than one undertaking in an exercising, the stairss are written in a separate address bubble. For case the first exercising on page 3 invites the kid to: first to happen one of each object, so gauge its length in centimetres and eventually utilize a swayer to mensurate it. This aid the kid to confront a task measure by measure and besides assist him to analyse a job spot by spot subsequently on. It ‘s besides a good agencies of assisting the instructor analyze and measure the kids ‘s failings and strengths by set uping the measure which the kids failed to carry through the measure which the kids failed to carry through, therefore it would be a good manner for the instructor to undertake the weak point straight ways. We have noticed that kids are non invited to utilize informal units and besides it would hold been a good manner to presen t measuring. Besides, sometimes in one exercising there is more than one construct tackled, which makes the exercisings harder. The first exercising on page 3 makes us inquire what the lessons ; nonsubjective really is. Is the lesson based around the appraisal of eh measuring of the existent length ‘s construct? These types of exercisings which have in them excessively many aims are likely to do confusion. This could hold been ideal as a alteration exercising instead than the first exercising of the measuring ‘s subject. Besides neither of the exercisings invite the kids to set up when to utilize standard units. All the exercisings in the text edition though screen all the constructs. The first exercising on page screens and addresses the vocabulary related to length, appraisal and measuring, whilst the other exercising focuses on taking the suited units. Besides on page 4, kids are assessed on their ability to take the suited criterion unit and into understanding the fractional units to the nearest half even it this construct is non listed in neither the course of study non the appraisal book and besides measuring whether the kids have understood the construct that longer lengths require longer units ex. kilometer. Page 5 focal points on the construct of happening the relationship between meters and centimetres ex. 3m 15cm +25cm = 3m 40cm. The remainder of the lengths exercisings assess the kids ‘s ability to work out jobs and happen the sum and the difference of two lengths.Compare and Contrast the Assessment Book with the Textbook.Having to compare and contrast the assessment book with the text edition we realized that the vocabulary related to length is absent. Besides the assessment book does non advert that one of the constructs learnt by the terminal of the subject is decimals for meters and centimetres even though at that place go on to be an exercising to ‘Write each length in meters utilizing a denary point ‘ ex. 2.48m. Adding to this, even the text edition contains exercisings which concepts chiefly are: taking suited units and utilizing fraction al units to the nearest whole. Besides, we think the text edition is more child and teacher friendly as respects to its content. Surely the text edition has got rather more pages with measurings exercisings than the assessment book, therefore scaffolded acquisition is exercised even more. Besides, kids have more chances to hold on the subject ‘s constructs through the multiple exercisings. On the other manus, the assessment book includes practical custodies on activities which help into prosecuting the kids more into the subject whilst making a richer acquisition environment and were constructs are easy understood and applied.Mentions:Chief Mention:Van de Walle, J.A ( 2007 ) Elementary and Middle School Mathematics. United States of America.Other MentionsNorthern Territor Government ( 2009 ) Mathematics Measurement Retrieved on ___________ from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.det.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/2376/ntcf_maths_measurement.pdfProceduresDefinition:Proce dures fundamentally refers to the staging of a lesson so as the kids comprehend the mathematical construct easier. Scaffolding chiefly consists of oppugning and listening both from the instructor and the kids. Group work, brace work, category treatments, and custodies on activities are ways which the instructor can use for scaffolding.Critique of Assessment book:The Assessment Book offers a assortment of processs that kids can utilize to larn measuring. Teachers can happen unwritten inquiries which can be discussed as group activity in category. This encourages the kids to portion their ain consequence and clear up any jobs. After such verbal exercisings, the Assessment Book moves on to written exercisings. Here, scaffolding is rather apparent since after the kids work together in category, they will subsequently be invited to work separately. Activity 2 of the Assessment book ( Practice Activities ) kids are besides cognitively challenged since they are asked to believe, estimation and so, step to measure themselves whether they were got it right or incorrect. However, non all activities in the Assessment Book purpose to measure processs relevant to a twelvemonth 4 degree. For case, inquiry ( figure 1 ) ‘Do you think this line is 3cms, 30cms, or 300cms long ‘ does non necessitate any peculiar thought accomplishments since here we are covering with eight twelvemonth olds. A more appropriate activity would hold been if kids were given three measurings to take from, but with closer figures, for illustrations 30cms, 4cms, and 50cms. The remainder of the inquiries ( 2, 3 and 4 ) are appropriate for the twelvemonth 4 degree. Adding to this, we think the ‘Match the appropriate measuring to each object ‘ exercising is excessively simple for kids in twelvemonth 4, although one can still use it as a mental warm up it helps kids visualize and differentiate between the two basic units of measuring ( centimeter and m ) . The ‘Write the duplicate measuring ‘ exercising is non scaffolded since it does non construct on the old exercising. It would hold been wiser if there was a tabular array or simple exercisings which help in measuring the kid ‘s apprehension of how many centimetres there are in a metre, and how many meters there are in a kilometre. Hence, this exercising would hold been more effectual if it was given as the subject ‘s alteration activity in the Assessment Book as it covers all the 3 basic measurings.Critique of Text book:The text edition offers assorted processs for kids to larn and hold on the length ‘s construct. Some exercisings invite the kids to gauge and mensurate length, happening a distance in the schoolroom to fit the length given, happening objects to mensurate, composing how many meters or centimetres and happening the difference or adding up meters and centimetres. Therefore, as it can be seen from the afore-mentioned activities, the exercisin gs involve written and verbal undertakings and besides activities where kids are provoked to utilize their thought accomplishments. Childs are foremost introduced to centimetres, so to meters and so, a combination of the two. Hence, we think that the basic units of measuring are scaffolded for the kids to larn and hold better grok the subject.Compare and Contrast the Assessment Book with the Textbook.There is a sense of process in both books as the inquiries posed to the pupils are scaffolded harmonizing to their troubles, therefore every inquiries physiques on each other. math.ecnu.edu.cn/ †¦ /EARCOME3_LAU_NGEE % 20KIONG_TSG406 ( ) .doc – the web site can non be viewed on the cyberspace since it file extention is.doc, nevertheless if you want to see the web site we kindly ask you to entree this nexus hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.com.mt/search? hl=mt & A ; source=hp & A ; biw=1259 & A ; bih=569 & A ; q=Furthermore % 2C+ideas+are+not+isolated+in+memory+but+are+organized+and+associated+with+the+natural+language+that+one+uses+and+the+situations+one+has+encountered+in+the+past. % E2 % 80 % 99+ % 28NCTM % 2C+1989 % 2C+p.+10 % 29, and entree the nexus titled Scaffolding Students ‘ acquisitionRyan.M ( 2003 ) . Classroom Tips For Teaching Measurement. Cited on: ____________ from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.primarymaths.ie/files/measurementtips.pdfProcedures ( Problem-Solving )Definition:â€Å" Leting the topic to be debatable agencies leting pupils to inquire why things are, to ask, to seek for solutions, and to decide incongruousnesss. It means that both the course of study and direction should get down with jobs, quandary, and inquiries for pupils. † Hiebert Er Al ( 1996, p.12 ) Van de WalleOrâ€Å" Good jobs can animate the geographic expedition of of import mathematical thoughts, raising continuity, and reenforce the demand to understand and utilize assorted schemes, mathematical belongingss, and relationships. Such wonts are of value non merely in the mathematics schoolroom, but besides in formal and informal acquisition and work environments throughout life. †( NCTM, 2000, p. 182 )Critique of Assessment Book:The Assessment book deficiency job work outing inquiries. Looking carefully at the inquiries in the assessment book we noticed that there are merely two job work outing inquiries. These are found under the heading ‘Oral inquiries ‘ and are inquiries figure 3 and 4. Here, the kids are required to happen the entire length of two pieces of strings and to happen the difference between the highs of two kids. Since these two inquiries are under the header of ‘Oral inquiries ‘ we thought that it wo uld hold been better if these inquiries were presented in a written mode as the kids might happen it difficult to retrieve the lengths when working it out. Afterwards the instructor can exchange the lesson to an unwritten manner where they can discourse the grounds for the methods used.Critique of Text Book:There are about five narrative amounts in the text edition, which we think are a spot disputing for eight twelvemonth old pupils. For case, on page 5, the kids have to research which routes from school they will necessitate to run, so as to run 1Km. We think, that this inquiry is misdirecting and the kids would happen it disputing if the instructor will non explicate it good. On page 7, there is another narrative amount about a puppy and how much did it turn each hebdomad. We besides think that this is disputing for the kids since they can acquire confused from where they are traveling to get down. We thought that this would be a possible manner, how the instructor can show this narrative amount to the kids: Teacher: What information was given? Student 1: That the puppy is 55cm long. It was 15cm long when it was born. That it is more than 2 hebdomads old but less than 10 hebdomads old and that it grows the same sum each hebdomad. Teacher: How can you cognize how much the puppy grew hebdomadally? Student 1: First I subtracted the puppy ‘s present length ( 55cm ) with the length when it was born ( 15cm ) . Then I divided the reply ( 40cm ) by 4 by test and mistake since I know the puppy is more than 2 hebdomads old but less than 10 hebdomads old, and got an reply of 10cm growing every hebdomad. Teacher: Who has a different reply? Student 2: I divided the puppy ‘s growing by 5cm and got an reply of 8cm growing per hebdomad. Teacher: How did you look into your reply? Student 2: I multiplied the puppy ‘s hebdomadal growing ( 5cm ) by the figure of hebdomads ( 8weeks ) and got 40cm ( the puppy ‘s present length ) . Teacher: How else can you look into the reply? Student 3: You can add 5cm + 5cm + 5cm + 5cm + 5cm + 5cm + 5cm + 5cm which makes 40cm ( the puppy ‘s present length ) Teacher: Who agrees? Why? Students: I do/I do n't OTHER PROBLEMS FROM PAGE 8Compare and Contrast the Assessment Book with the Textbook.Even though job resolution is seen in both the Assessment book and the Text book, we think that they are non scaffolded since they do non increase in trouble at every inquiry. The Assessment book has two job work outing amounts which are non hard for the kids to understand. However, narrative amounts found in the text edition are rather disputing for a twelvemonth 4 degree since they require a batch of believing accomplishments.Mentions:Thomas R. Post ( 1988 ) Teaching Mathematicss in Grades K-8 Allyn and Bacon, Inc Printed in the United States of AmericaChief Mention:Post, T.R ( 1988 ) Teaching Mathematicss in Grades K-8. United States of America. Allyn and Bacon, IncOther Mentions:Annenberg Foundation ( 2011 ) . Detecting Student Problem resolution. Cited on _________from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.learner.org/courses/teachingmath/grades3_5/session_03/section_01_b.htmlConnectionsDefintion:â€Å" linking mathematical thoughts includes associating new thoughts to associate thoughts considered antecedently. These connexions help pupils see mathematics as a incorporate organic structure of cognition instead than as a set of complexaˆÂ ¦concepts, processs and procedures. † ( ktieb ref )Critique of Assessment Book:Mathematicss should non be seen as a set of detached subjects but as a â€Å" web of closely connected thoughts † ( book ref ) . Such comparabilites amongst these connected thoughts are non easy perceived by the kids, and so they prompt for more account to reply the ‘why'/ Such equalities in the assorted mathematical content Fieldss ma make a sense of correctedness and linkage in the mathematical surveies. The assessment book nowadayss such connexions truly good. Exercises like exercising 1 under the header ‘ Practice activities ‘ , and the â€Å" Match the appropriate measuring to each object † exercising both provide chances for kids with exercisings affecting existent life state of affairss. This helps the kids to see what they are larning with their ain existent life state of affairss and environments, and therefore it further heighten their acquisition on what is being taught. The unwritten inquiries in the appraisal book besides aid in promoting and disputing kids for farther account of their new thoughts, from which they could develop new scheme grounded on old mathematical cognition.Critique of Textbook:The unity between assorted countries and mathematics is besides apparent in the text edition. It is full of existent life state of affairss to which the kids can associate such mathematical constructs. Such chances help kids to enrich larning in assorted countries. The ‘snake ‘ activity offers the chance to detect if the kids have understood that a fraction has an tantamount denary presentation. Other exercisings besides help pupils to pull their town with assorted paths they might utilize to walk from place to school during a societal surveies lesson. Children are so invited to cipher the distance traveled. Since Mathematics is non a standalone topic, instructors need to pre-plan such activities so that from such connexions, more chances for the enrichment of larning ar e provided.Compare and contrast Assessment book with text edition:Both books make a smooth connexion with other countries so that Mathematical countries are non seen isolated from others. Through the assorted job resolution exercises found on both books but chiefly in the text edition which involve probe, anticipation and measuring exercisings, kids are enabled to construct such procedures and integrate them with scientific discipline. Both books connect truly good with other subjects, but both books could hold provided exercisings with farther probe and geographic expedition of such mathematical constructs and besides supply more chances where kids are asked to explicate their schemes when gauging lengthsCommunication / RepresentationsDefinition:Communication is an indispensable tool for kids to understand mathematical constructs and for problem-solving. Communication consists of enriching the mathematical vocabulary so that the kids will happen it easier to pass on with each other in order to clear up inquiries, discourse a solution or discourse a job. Communication should non merely be between the instructor and the pupil, but besides between the kids themselves. Representation assists the kids to develop and pass on their thought accomplishments and stand for their ain solutions in assorted ways. Models and images aids the kids to understand and pass on better the consequences.Review if the Assessment Book:The ‘Oral inquiries ‘ ( Numberss 1-4 ) allows communicating to discourse the reply for each inquiries. Children can portion their thoughts of how they worked the inquiry out, to the remainder of the category. However, since they are ‘oral inquiries ‘ the kids do non hold the chance to stand for their working or diagrams that they used to acquire the reply. Hence, it lack representation. Page 2 of the Assessment book, involves written exercisings. Here, the kids do non hold the chance to discourse the replies as a group since they are required to compose down their replies in the infinite provided.Review of the text book:The text edition offers rather piquant illustrations that will assist the kids to understand the measuring construct good. Some of the exercisings, for case page 3 and 4 could be worked out in braces or groups. This will besides let sharing of thoughts through communicating. Here, they are required to happen objects, estimation and mensurate them. The activity found on page 5 where the kids has to see where they can run from school so as to make 1 Km has rather an engaging image which the kids can follow, even though the inquiry is a spot disputing for LOW ABILITY STUDENTS. The narrative amounts found on page 7 and 8 allow the kids to pull diagrams or write information in their ain manner so as to happen the reply. The replies can so be discussed as whole group.Compare and Contrast the Assessment Book with the Textbook.Both the Assessment book and the Text book offer the chance to the kids to discourse replies as a whole category, if they are used carefully by the instructor. However the Assessment books lacks a spot Communication since it merely has 4 inquiries to be discussed. Apart of this, both books lack utilizing theoretical accounts to stand for their reply.

Grace of God Essay

The traditional social order is marked by the three estates it comprised off. The ruler who is supposed to be ‘by the Grace of God’ was absolute in his power. The first estate comprised of the clergy who were responsible for community well being by conducting prayers and sacred ceremonies. The next estate is the nobility who are in charge of protecting the country from foreign invasions. They also played an important role in government and in administration. The third estate consisted of the majority of population. They generated wealth that fed the entire society. Real estate and regional commerce were their main activity. This order underwent change at the wake many significant events. The French revolution gave power to the bourgeois, the third order. The French viewed democracy as a building block of creating a new social order where there is no self proclaimed monarchy hovering over. The spirit of French revolution spread across Europe. And slowly the rising started everywhere. The colonized countries started gaining grounds in their home lands. The Sepoy Mutiny in India is an example of the social order undergoing a change. The natives organized an uprising against the British. It may not have deterred the British in their pursuit to expand but it did mark an important turn of events. Similarly the West had its influence on Japan and China. The monarchy and the aristocracy slowly started to adopt the ways of the West. Starting from their dressing to their way of life, a significant transformation was taking place. The Crimean War,1853-1856 Describe the causes, course, and consequences of the Crimean War and evaluate the effect of the war on Russia’s government. One of the main causes of the Crimean War is the misperceptions in Russia, Britain and France. Britain and France were disturbed that Russia was the strongest state in Europe and its assumed Russian expansion plans towards Turkey. On the other hand Russia was cautious of revolutionary France. Russia was also expecting the fall of Turkey. Moreover in the holy place of Palestine the Catholics were favored by France and the orthodox Christians were favored by Russia. The Catholic and Orthodox monks disputed possession of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. During the early 1850s, the two sides made demands which the Sultan of Turkey could not possibly satisfy simultaneously. To solve this issue the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas I sent his diplomat for talks which failed. The demands made by the Tsar were rejected. Austria contrary to what Russia believed sided Britain. Further in an attempt to revert war a four point proposal was presented to the Tsar. When the Tsar refused to comply with the four points, the Crimean War commenced. The reality of the war is that France and Russia injured each other’s options without knowing they did so. France overestimated Russia’s hostility and Russia underestimated British and French interest in Turkey. As a result, Russia seeking to secure Black Sea region lost its control until 1871. Russian power in the area declined to be restored only after fourteen years. During peace negotiations in 1986, it was decided that no warship would occupy the Black sea coast. This became a specific disadvantage to Russia as it diminished the naval threat it posed to the Turks. Compare and contrast China’s and Japan’s response to western influence for the period of 1850 to 1865. In the 1800s China and Japan experienced both major internal strains and Western imperialist pressure which was backed by military might which the natives couldnot match. China’s leading position in the world reversed in a mere 100 year period (c. a. 1840-1940) from leading civilization to subjected and torn country. The Japanese witnessed China’s experience with the military power of Western nations. At the arrival of an American delegation in Japan in 1853, Japan was also forced to open its ports to the Americans. But unlike China, Japan was able to adapt rapidly to match the power of the West and soon established itself as a competitor with the Western powers for colonial rights in Asia. In 1894-5, Japan challenged and defeated China in a war over influence in Korea. This upset the traditional international order in East Asia, where China was the supreme power and Japan was a subordinate power. Western nations utilized China for their opium trade. They took silver bullions from China as commodity exchange. China’s attempt to ban the sale of opium in the port city of Canton leads to the Opium War of 1839. The Chinese were defeated by the British arms. This lead to China opening up its ports for foreign trade. By 1800 China was in a vulnerable position in the hands of the West. From the 1860s onward, the Chinese attempted to reform efforts to meet the military and political challenge of the West. China adopted Western learning and technology while preserving Chinese values and Chinese learning. Reformers and conservatives struggled to find the right formula to make China strong enough to protect itself against foreign pressure. The Japanese taking the cue from China launched a major modernization effort in 1868 to match the West and then came to be a major competitor for rights. Japan’s defeat of Russia, a Western power, in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 surprised China. This way the West influenced two the countries in its most significant way.

A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision

A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision By Mark Nichol Most writers understand that whole subject-verb-predicate thing, but there’s more to crafting sentences than making sure they include those basic ingredients (but not necessarily in that order and, then again, a sentence doesn’t really require any of those elements). The following sample sentences suffer from poor organization (and, as a result, their readers suffer, too). Although the information in them is present in fundamentally correct grammatical components, the syntax the arrangement of these building blocks is clumsily ineffectual. Redistribute the parts of these sentences for optimum impact, and then compare your solutions with mine, provided and annotated below each example. (This is a new format for quiz-type posts here let me know whether you like this format or prefer that my revisions be collected together at the bottom of the page.) 1. â€Å"He says he doesn’t think a prominent breast cancer charity should continue giving grants to Planned Parenthood because it provides abortion services.† The location of the â€Å"because . . .† phrase at the end of the sentence can confuse readers into assuming that there is a reason other than the one stated that the paraphrased speaker supports the grants. But the sentence means that the stated policy is the reason the person does not support them. This ambiguity is resolved by inserting the â€Å"because . . .† phrase at the head of the sentence: â€Å"Because Planned Parenthood provides abortion services, he says, he doesn’t think a prominent breast cancer charity should continue giving grants to the organization.† 2. â€Å"Passengers who refuse to complete the screening process cannot be granted access to the secure area in order to ensure the safety of others traveling.† The problem in this sentence is similar to that of that in the first example. A reader might assume that the intention of the passengers is to ensure the safety of other travelers, but that they will be granted access for another reason. Other misreadings are also likely. This confusion is eliminated by placing the concluding modifying phrase at the head of the sentence: â€Å"In order to ensure the safety of others traveling, passengers who refuse to complete the screening process cannot be granted access to the secure area.† 3. â€Å"America should rely on the entrepreneurship and goodness of its citizens to be a great society, not on the well-intentioned but ineffective policies of government agencies.† This sentence is not incorrect, but it is weakly constructed, spoiling the conclusion by placing it near the head of the sentence and trailing off with the alternative. Sentences intended to persuade are most effective when they first dismiss an obverse point of view and are anchored with the point of argument. (The sentence preceding this parenthesis has a similar effect.) Also, the stated goal is stronger when located at the head of the sentence than at the tail: â€Å"To be a great society, America should rely not on the well-intentioned but ineffective policies of government agencies, but on the entrepreneurship and goodness of its citizens.† 4. â€Å"Every year, colleges inject a stream of impassioned, idealistic new leaders into our nation, eager to take on our country’s toughest challenges.† The modifying phrase â€Å"into our nation,† and especially the comma following it, retard the momentum of this sentence. By placing the phrase earlier in the sentence, the writer solidifies the â€Å"inject . . . nation† imagery and omits the obstructive comma, thereby streamlining the statement: â€Å"Every year, colleges inject into our nation a stream of impassioned, idealistic new leaders eager to take on our country’s toughest challenges.† 5. â€Å"The fact is, evangelicals have progressed a long way in a very short time when it comes to relations with Catholics.† The explanatory modifier about the target segment of Christians for the evangelicals is best located earlier in the sentence, which is strengthened by placing the accomplishment at its end: â€Å"The fact is, when it comes to relations with Catholics, evangelicals have progressed a long way in a very short time.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesWhat to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowCareful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

Actinides (Actinide Series) Element Properties

Actinides (Actinide Series) Element Properties At the bottom of the periodic table, there is a special group of radioactive metallic elements. These elements have interesting properties and play a key role in nuclear chemistry. Actinides Definition The actinides or actinoids are a set of radioactive elements on the periodic table, usually considered ranging from atomic number 89 to atomic number 103. Location of the Actinides The modern periodic table has two rows of elements below the main body of the table. The actinides are the elements in the bottom row. The top row is the lanthanide series. The reason these two rows of elements are placed below the main table is that they dont fit in the design without making the table confusing and very wide. However, these two rows of elements are metals, sometimes considered a subset of the transition metals group. In fact, the lanthanides and actinides are sometimes called the inner transition metals, referring to their properties and position on the table. Two ways of including the lanthanides and actinides within a periodic table are to include those elements in their corresponding rows with the transition metals (makes the table wider) or ballooning them out to make a three-dimensional table. List of Elements in the Actinide Series There are 15 actinide elements. The electronic configurations of the actinides utilize the f sublevel, with the exception of lawrencium (a d-block element). Depending on your interpretation of the periodicity of the elements, the series begins with actinium or thorium, continuing to lawrencium. The usual list of elements in the actinide series is: Actinium (Ac)Thorium (Th)Protactinium (Pa)Uranium (U)Neptunium (Np)Plutonium (Pu)Americium (Am)Curium (Cm)Berkelium (Bk)Californium (Cf)Einsteinium (Es)Fermium (Fm)Mendelevium (Md)Nobelium (No)Lawrencium (Lr) Actinide Abundance The only two actinides found in appreciable quantities in the Earths crust are thorium and uranium. Small quantities of plutonium and neptunium are present in uranium orders. Actinium and protactinium occur as decay products of certain thorium and uranium isotopes. The other actinides are considered synthetic elements. If they occur naturally, it is part of a decay scheme of a heavier element. Common Properties of the Actinides Actinides share the following common properties: All are radioactive. These elements have no stable isotopes.Actinides are highly electropositive.The metals tarnish readily in air. These elements are pyrophoric (spontaneously ignite in air), particularly as finely divided powders.Actinides are very dense metals with distinctive structures. Numerous allotropes may be formed (plutonium has at least 6 allotropes!). The exception is actinium, which has fewer crystalline phases.They react with boiling water or dilute acid to release hydrogen gas.Actinide metals tend to be fairly soft. Some can be cut with a knife.These elements are malleable and ductile.All of the actinides are paramagnetic.All of these elements are silver-colored metals that are solid at room temperature and pressure.Actinides combine directly with most nonmetals.The actinides successively fill the 5f sublevel. Many actinide metals have properties of both d block and f block elements.Actinides display several valence states (typically more than the lanthanides). Most a re prone to hybridization. The actinides (An) may be prepared by reduction of AnF3  or AnF4  with vapors of Li, Mg, Ca, or Ba at 1100 - 1400 °C. Actinide Uses For the most part, we dont encounter these radioactive elements much in daily life. Americium is found in smoke detectors. Thorium is found in gas mantles. Actinium is used in scientific and medical research as a neutron source, indicator, and gamma source. Actinides may be used as dopants to make glass and crystals luminescent. The bulk of actinide use goes to energy production and defense operations. The primary use of the actinide elements is as nuclear reactor fuel and for the production of nuclear weapons. The actinides are favored for these reactions because they readily undergo nuclear reactions, releasing incredible amounts of energy. If the conditions are right, the nuclear reactions may become chain reactions. References E. Fermi (1934). Possible Production of Elements of Atomic Number Higher than 92.  Nature.  133  (3372): 898–899.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1230–1242.Theodore Gray (2009).  The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe. New York: Black Dog Leventhal Publishers. p.  240.